D. Journal articles
100. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Confocal fluorescent microscopy with a finite sized circular detector, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9, 151-153.
101. Gu M, Sheppard CJR, Gan X (1991) Image formation in a fibre optical confocal scanning microscope, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 8, 1755-1761.
102. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1991) Signal level of the fibre optical confocal scanning microscope, J. Mod. Opt. 38, 1621-1630.
103. Sheppard CJR, Cogswell CJ (1991) Effects of aberrating layers and tube length on confocal imaging properties, Optik 87, 34-38.
104. Sheppard CJR, Cogswell CJ, Gu M (1991) Signal strength and noise in confocal microscopy: factors influencing selection of an optimum detector aperture, Scanning 13, 233-240.
105. Sheppard CJR, Gu M, Mao XQ (1991) Three-dimensional coherent transfer function in a reflection-mode confocal scanning microscope, Opt. Commun.81, 281-284.
106. Gu M, Gan X, Sheppard CJR (1991) Three-dimensional coherent transfer functions in fibre optical confocal scanning microscopes, J. Opt. Soc. Am A., 8, 1019-1025.
107. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1991) Three-dimensional optical transfer function for an annular lens, Opt. Commun.81, 276-280.
108. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1991) Aberration compensation in confocal microscopy, Appl. Opt. 30, 3563-3568 (1991).
109. Sheppard CJR, Gong Y (1991) Improvement in axial resolution by interference confocal microscopy", Optik 87, 129-132.
110. Cogswell CJ, Hamilton DK, Sheppard CJR (1992) Colour reflection microscopy using red, green and blue lasers, J. Microsc. 165, 103-117.
111. Cogswell CJ, Sheppard CJR (1992) Confocal differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy: including a theoretical analysis of conventional and confocal DIC imaging, J. Microsc. 165, 81-101.
112. Sheppard CJR, Hrynevych M (1991) Diffraction by a half-plane, a generalization of Fresnel diffraction theory, Opt. Lett. 16, 1060-1061.
113. Sheppard CJR, Hrynevych M (1992) Diffraction by a circular aperture: a generalization of Fresnel diffraction theory, J. Opt. Soc. Am.A 9 274-281.
114. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1991) Improvement of axial resolution in confocal microscopy using an annular pupil, Opt. Commun. 84, 7-13.
115. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1991) The significance of 3-D transfer functions in confocal scanning microscopy, J. Microsc. 164, 377-390.
116. Sheppard CJR (1991) Stray light and noise in confocal microscopy, Micron and Microscopia Acta 22, 239-243.
117. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1991) Three-dimensional imaging in confocal fluorescent microscopy with annular lenses, J. Mod. Opt. 38, 2247-2263.
118. Gu M, Sheppard, CJR (1991) Effects of finite-sized detector on the OTF of confocal fluorescent microscopy, Optik 89, 65-69.
119. Gan X, Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Fluorescent image formation in the fibre-optical confocal scanning microscope, J. Mod. Optics, 39, 825-834.
120. Gu Min, Sheppard CJR (1992) Three-dimensional optical transfer function in the fibre-optical confocal scanning microscope using annular lenses, J. Opt. Soc. Amer.A 9, 1991-1999.
121. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1993) Three-dimensional coherent transfer functions in confocal imaging with two unequal annular lenses J Mod. Optics, 40, 1255-1272.
122. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Effects of defocus and primary spherical aberration on three-dimensional coherent transfer functions in confocal microscopes. Appl. Opt. 31, 2541-2549.
123. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Axial resolution in the fibre-optical confocal scanning microscope using annular lenses. Opt. Commun. 88, 27-32.
124. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1992) Axial imaging through an aberrating layer of water in confocal microscopy. Opt. Commun. 88, 180-190.
125. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1992) The edge-setting criterion in confocal microscopy. Appl. Opt. 31, 4575-4577.
126. Sheppard CJR, Roberts PP and Gu M (1993) Fresnel approximation for off-axis illumination of a circular aperture, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A, 10, 984-986.
127. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Effects of annular pupils on confocal fluorescent imaging, J. Mod. Opt. 39, 1883-1896.
128. Wilson T, Hewlett SJ and Sheppard CJR (1990) Use of objective lenses with slit pupil functions in the imaging of line structures, Appl. Opt. 29, 4705-4714.
129. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Image of a straight edge in fibre-optical confocal scanning microscopy. Opt. Commun. 94, 485-490.
130. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1992) Three-dimensional coherent transfer function in reflection-mode confocal microscopy using annular lenses. J. Mod. Opt. 39, 783-793.
131. Sheppard CJR, Gu M, Roy M (1992) Signal to noise ratio in confocal microscope systems, J.Microscopy, 168, 209-218.
132. Cox G and Sheppard CJR (1993) Effects of image deconvolution on optical sectioning in conventional and confocal microscopes Bioimaging 1, 82-95.
133. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1993) Fibre-optical confocal scanning interference microscopy. Opt. Commun. 100, 79-86.
134. Gu M, Sheppard CJR, Zhou H (1993) Optimization of axial resolution in confocal imaging using annular pupils, Optik 93, 87-90.
135. Sheppard CJR, Connolly TJ, Gu M (1993) Scattering by a one dimensional rough surface and surface reconstruction by confocal imaging, Phys. Rev. Letts. 70, 1409-1412.
136. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1993) Imaging by a high aperture optical system. J. Mod. Opt. 40, 1631-1651.
137. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1993) Modelling of three-dimensional fluorescence images of muscle fibres: an application of the three-dimensional optical transfer function. J. Microscopy, 168, 339-345.
138. Sheridan JT, Sheppard CJR (1993) The coherent imaging of periodic thick fine isolated structures, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 10, 614-632.
139. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1993) Effects of a finite-sized pinhole on 3-D image formation in confocal two-photon fluorescence microscopy, J. Mod. Opt. 40, 2009-2024.
140. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1994) Effects of defocus and primary spherical aberration on images of a straight edge in confocal microscopy, Applied Optics 33, 625-630.
141. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1994) Three-dimensional transfer functions in 4Pi confocal microscopes, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 11, 1619-1627.
142. Gu Min and Sheppard CJR (1993) Experimental investigation of fibre-optical confocal scanning microscopy, including a comparison with pinhole detection, Micron 24, 557-565.
143. Sheppard CJR, Connolly TJ, Lee J, Cogswell C (1994) Confocal imaging of a stratified medium, Appl. Opt. 33, 631-640.
144. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1993) Dependence of two- and three-dimensional optical transfer functions on pinhole radius in a coherent confocal microscope - comments. J Opt Soc Am A, 10, 533-534.
145. Sheppard CJR, Gu M and Brain K (1994) Influence of spherical aberration on axial imaging of confocal microscopy, Appl. Opt. 33, 616-624.
146. Sheppard, C.J.R., Connolly T.J., and Gu Min (1993) Imaging and reconstruction for rough surface scattering in the Kirchhoff approximation by confocal microscopy, J. Mod. Opt. 40, 2407-2421.
147. Sheppard CJR, Gu Min, Kawata Y, Kawata S (1994) Three-dimensional transfer functions for high aperture systems, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 11, 593-598.
148. Sheridan JT, Sheppard CJR (1994) Diffraction by striated muscle fibres: application to image modeling, Bioimaging 1, 214-227.
149. Sheridan JT, Sheppard CJR (1994) Modelling of images of square-wave gratings and isolated edges using rigorous diffraction theory, Opt. Commun.105, 367-378.
150. Jackson DGA, Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1994) 3-D optical transfer function for circular and annular lenses with spherical aberration and defocus, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 11, 1758-1767.
151. Gan XS and Sheppard CJR (1993) Detectability: A new criterion for evaluation of the confocal microscope, Scanning 15, 187-192.
152. Gan XS, Sheppard CJR (1993) Imaging in a confocal microscope with one circular and one annular lens, Opt. Commun.103, 254-264.
153. Roy M, Sheppard CJR (1993) Effect of image processing on the noise properties of confocal imaging, Micron 24, 623-635.
154. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (1994) Optimal concentration of electromagnetic radiation J. Mod. Opt.41, 1495-1507
155. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1994) Three-dimensional partially-coherent image formation in confocal microscopes with a finite-sized detector, J. Mod. Opt. 41, 1701-1715.
156. Gu M, Tannous T, Sheppard CJR (1994) Improved axial resolution in confocal fluorecence microscopy using annular pupils, Opt. Commun. 110, 533-539.
157. Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1994) Imaging performance of confocal fluorescence microscopes with finite-sized source J. Mod. Opt. 41, 1521-1530.
158. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1994) Analysis of confocal microscopy under ultrashort light-pulse illumination - comments, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 11, 2742-2743
159. Zhou H, Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1995) Investigation of aberration measurement in confocal microscopy J. Mod. Opt., 42,627-638
160. Zhou H, Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1994) Confocal interference microscopy: a difference between dry and immersion lenses, Optik 97, 94-100.
161. Kompfner R, Sheppard CJR, Walsh D, Choudhury A, Gannaway JN, Hale PG (1994) The scanning optical microscope - extracts on near-field microscopy, Scanning 16, 327-332
162. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1995) Optical transfer function analysis for two-photon 4Pi confocal fluorescence microscopy, Opt. Commun. 114, 45-49
163. Sheppard CJR, Fatemi H, Gu Min (1995) The Fourier optics of near-field microscopy, Scanning, 17, 28-40
164. Sheppard CJR (1995) Leaky annular pupils for improved axial imaging, Optik, 99,32-34
165. Gu Min, Sheppard CJR (1994) 3-D image formation in confocal microscopy under ultra-short laser-pulse illumination, J. Mod. Opt.. 42,747-762
166. Sheppard CJR, Connolly TJ (1995) Imaging of random surfaces, J. Mod. Opt..42, 861-881
167. Gu Min, Tannous T, Sheppard CJR (1995) Three-dimensional confocal fluorescence imaging under ultra-short pulse illumination, Opt. Commun. 117, 406-412
168. Sheppard CJR, Connolly TJ, Gu Min (1995) The scattering potential for imaging in the reflection geometry, Opt. Commun.. 117, 16-19
169. Sheppard CJR (1995) Approximate calculation of the reflection coefficient from a stratified medium, Pure and Applied Optics, 4, 665-669
170. Sheppard CJR, Gu Min (1994) The three-dimensional (3-D) transmission cross coefficient for transmission imaging, Optik, 100, 155-158
171. Sheppard CJR, Hole M (1995) Three-dimensional optical transfer function for weak aberrations, J. Mod. Opt. 42, 1921-1928
172. Sheppard CJR (1995) Fundamental reduction of the observation volume in far-field light microscopy by detection orthogonal to the illumination axis: confocal theta microscopy- Comments, Opt. Commun., 119, 693-695
173. Sheppard CJR (1995) Transport equations for confocal imaging, Optik, 11, 141-142
174. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (1995) Effect of numerical aperture on interference fringe spacing, Appl. Opt., 34, 4731-4734
175. Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1995) Comparison of three-dimensional imaging properties between two-photon and single-photon fluorescence microscopy, J. Microsc. 177, 128-137
176. Sheppard CJR (1996) Scattering by fractal surfaces with an outer scale, Opt. Commun. 122, 178-188
177. Gu M, Tannous T, Sheppard CJR (1996) Effect of numerical aperture and annular pupil on confocal imaging through highly-scattering media Opt. Lett..21, 312-314
178. Sheppard CJR (1996) Simplified expressions for the bidirectional reflectance distribution function, J. Mod. Opt. 42 373-380
179. Quartel JC, Sheppard (1996) Surface reconstruction using an algorithm based on confocal imaging J. Mod. Opt. 43 469-486
180. Sheppard CJR (1996) Synthesis of filters for specified axial properties J. Mod. Opt. 43 525-536
181. Quartel JC, Sheppard CJR (1996) A surface reconstruction algorithm based on confocal interferometric imaging, J. Mod. Opt. 43 591-606
182. Sheppard CJR, Roy M (1996) Total integrated scatter in the Kirchhoff approximation, Optik, 103, 42-44
183. Török P, Sheppard CJR, Varga P (1996) Study of evanescent waves for transmission near-field optical microscopy, J. Mod. Opt., 43, 1167-1183
184. Zhou H, Gu M, Sheppard CJR (1996) A compact confocal interference microscope based on a four-port single-mode fibre coupler, Optik, 103, 45-48
185. Török P, Sheppard CJR, Laczik Z(1996) Dark-field and differential phase contrast imaging modes in confocal microscopy using a half-aperture stop, Optik, 103, 101-106
186. Török P, Sheppard CJR, Laczik Z (1996) The effect of lateral misalignment of the half-stop in dark-field and stereoscopic confocal microscope, Appl. Opt., 35, 6732-6739
187. Sheppard CJR, Gan XS, Fatemi H (1996) The near-field of a weakly-guiding step-index single-mode fibre, Electronics Letts., 32, 1128-1130
188. Sheppard CJR, Saghafi S (1996) Flattened light beams, Opt. Commun. 132, 144-152
189. Sheppard CJR, Gan XS (1997) Free-space propagation of femtosecond light pulses, Optics Commun., 133 1-6
190. Sheppard CJR, Török P (1997) Effects of specimen refractive index on confocal imaging, J. Microscopy, 185 366-374
191. Sheppard CJR (1996) Imaging in three-photon fluorescence microscopy, Bioimaging, 4 124-128
192. Sheppard CJR, Török P (1997) Efficient calculation of electromagnetic diffraction in optical systems using a multipole expansion, J. Mod. Opt., 44 803-818
193. Sheppard CJR (1997) Vector diffraction in paraboloidal mirrors with Seidel aberrations: effects of small object displacements, Optics Commun. 138, 262-264
194. Sheppard CJR, Török P (1997) Electromagnetic field in the focal region of an electric dipole wave, Optik 104, 175-177
195. Sheppard CJR (1997) Aberrations in high aperture optical systems, Optik.105, 29-33
196. Gan X, Sheppard CJR, Gu M (1997) Effect of Fresnel diffraction on confocal imaging with an annular lens, Bioimaging, 5, 153-158
197. Sheppard CJR, Török P (1997) Approximate forms for diffraction integrals in high numerical aperture focusing, Optik, 105, 77-82
198. Sharma MD, Sheppard CJR (1997) Holmium-doped optical fiber for filter applications, Applied Optics , 36, 6815-6821
199. Sheppard CJR, Török P (1997) An electromagnetic theory of imaging in fluorescence microscopy, and imaging in polarization fluorescence microscopy, Bioimaging, 5, 205-218
200. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (1997) Vectorial pupil functions and vectorial transfer functions, Optik, 107, 79-87
201. Zhou H and Sheppard (1997) Aberration measurement in confocal microscopy: phase retrieval from a single intensity measurement, J. Mod. Opt. 44, 1553-1561
202. Gauderon R, Sheppard CJR (1998) Signal level in a confocal scanning microscope using step-index optical fibres, J. Mod. Opt. 45, 529-537
203. Sheppard CJR, Hegedus Z (1998) Resolution for off-axis illumination, J. Opt. Soc. Amer.A 15, 622-624
204. Sheppard, CJR, Calvert, G and Wheatland, M (1998) Focal Distribution for superresolving Toraldo filters, J. Opt Soc. Amer. A, 15, 849-856
205. Sheppard CJR (1998) Imaging of random surfaces and inverse scattering in the Kirchhoff approximation, Waves in Random Media, 8, 53-66
206. Sheppard CJR, Saghafi S (1998) Beam modes beyond the paraxial approximation: a scalar treatment, Physical Review A., 57, 2971-2979
207. Martinez-Corral M, Andrès P, Zapata-Rodriguez CI, Sheppard CJR (1998) Improvementof three-dimensional resolution in confocal scanning microscopy by combination of two pupil filters, Optik 107, 145-148
208. Sharma MD and Sheppard CJR (1998) Axial resolution in the fibre-optical confocal microscope, Bioimaging, 6, 98-103
209. Gauderon R, Lukins PB and Sheppard CJR (1998) Three-dimensional second-harmonic generation imaging with femtosecond laser pulses, Opt. Lett. 23, 1209-1211
210. Saghafi S and Sheppard CJR (1998) The beam propagation factor for higher order Gaussian beams, Opt. Comm. 153, 207-210
211. Sheppard CJR and Larkin KG (1998) Similarity theorems for fractional Fourier transforms and fractional Hankel transforms, Optics Comm. 154, 173-178
212. Saghafi S and Sheppard CJR (1998) Near and far field of elegant Hermite- and Laguerre-Gaussian modes, J. Mod. Opt. 45, 1999-2010
213. Sheppard CJR (1998) Free-space diffraction and the fractional Fourier transform, J.Mod. Opt. 45, 2097-2104
214. Gauderon R and CJR Sheppard (1998) Improvement in imaging in confocal fluorescent microscopes using multiple detectors, Bioimaging 6, 126-129
215. Sheppard CJR and P Török (1998) Dependence of Fresnel number on aperture stop position, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 3016-3019
216. Sheppard CJR and P Török (1998) Dependence of focal shift on Fresnel number and angular aperture, Opt Lett. 23, 1803-1804
217. Sheppard CJR (1999) Focal distributions and Hertz potentials, Opt. Comm. 160, 191-194
218. Sheppard CJR (1999) Binary optics and confocal imaging, Optics Lett. 24, 505-506
219. Sheppard CJR and Saghafi S (1999) Electromagnetic beam modes beyond the paraxial approximation, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 16, 1381-1386
220. Larkin KG and Sheppard (1999) Direct method for phase retrieval from the intensity of cylindrical wave fronts, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 16, 1838-1844
221. Sharma MD and Sheppard CJR (1999) Effects of system geometry on the axial response of the fibre-optical confocal microscope, J. Mod. Opt. 46, 605-621
222. Sheppard, CJR Vectors and Fourier transforms in optics (1999) Optik 110, 157-160
223. Sheppard CJR and Aguilar F (1999) Fresnel coefficients for weak reflection, and the scattering potential for three-dimensional imaging, Opt. Commun. 162, 182-186
224. Matsuda K, Barnes TH, Oreb BF and Sheppard CJR (1999) Focal-length measurement by multiple-beam shearing interferometry, Appl. Opt. 38, 3542-3548
225. Matsuda K, Roy M, O'Byrne JW, Fekete PW, Eiju T and Sheppard CJR (1999) Straightness measurements by use of a reflection confocal optical system, Appl. Opt. 38, 5310-5318
226. Gauderon R, Lukins PB and Sheppard CJR (1999) Effect of a confocal pinhole in two-photon microscopy, Microsc. Res. and Tech. 47, 210-214
227. Matsuda K, Barnes TH, Oreb BF and Sheppard CJR (1999) Position magnifying sensor, Opt. Commun. 170, 309-318
228. Sheppard CJR and Saghafi S (1999) Electric and magnetic dipole beam modes beyond the paraxial approximation, Optik 110, 487-491
229. Sheppard CJR, Saghafi S (1999) Transverse electric and magnetic beam modes beyond the paraxial approximation, Opt. Lett. 24, 1543-1545
230. Gauderon R, Sheppard CJR (1999) Effect of a finite-sized pinhole on noise performance in single-, two-, and three-photon confocal fluorescence microscopy, Appl. Opt. 38, 3562-3565
231. Campos J, Escalera JC, Sheppard CJR and Yzuel MJ (2000) Axially invariant pupil filters, J. Mod. Opt. 47, 57-68
232. Sheppard CJR (2000) Polarization of almost plane waves, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 335-341
233. Sheppard CJR and Larkin KG (2000) Focal shift, optical transfer function, and phase-space representations, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 17, 772-779
234. Gauderon R, Sheppard CJR (2000) Two-dimensional weak-object transfer functions in the scanning harmonic microscope, J. Mod. Opt. 47, 1195-1202
235. Sheppard CJR, Aguilar JF (2000) Electromagnetic imaging in the confocal microscope, Opt. Commun. 180, 1-8
236. Aguilar JF, Lera M, Sheppard CJR (2000) Imaging of spheres by confocal microscopy, Appl. Opt. 39, 4621-4628
237. Sheppard CJR, Sharma MD and Arbouet A (2000) Axial apodizing filters for confocal imaging, Optik, 111, 347-354
238. Matsuda K, Bold GT, Barnes TH, Eiju T, Sheppard CJR (2000) Real-time phase-difference amplification with a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator, Appl. Opt. 39, 5125-5130
239. Sheppard CJR (2000) Validity of the Debye approximation, Opt. Lett. 25, 1660-1662
240. Sheppard CJR (2000) Confocal imaging through weakly aberrating media, Appl. Opt. 39, 6366-6368
241. Sheppard CJR (2000) Comment on "Analysis of spherical aberration of a water immersion objective: application to specimens with refractive index 1.33-1.40" J. Microsc. 200, 177-178
242. Sheppard CJR, Aguilar JF (2001) Evanescent fields do contribute to the far field (J. Mod. Opt. 1999 Vol. 46, 729) - comment, J. Mod. Opt., 48, 177-180
243. Sheppard CJR (2001) High aperture beams, J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A 18, 1579-1587 (invited review paper)
244. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (2001) Comment on "The uncertainty principle applied to estimate focal spot dimensions [Opt. Commun. 173 (2000) 51], Opt. Commun., 189, 1-2
245. Gauderon R, Lukins PB, Sheppard CJR (2001) Optimisation of second-harmonic generation microscopy, Micron 32, 691-700
246. Gauderon R, Lukins PB, Sheppard CJR (2001) Simultaneous multi-channel two-photon microscopy, Micron 32, 685-689
247. Cox GC, Sheppard CJR (2001) Measurement of thin coatings in the confocal microscope, Micron 32, 701-705
248. Saghafi S, Sheppard CJR, Piper J (2001) Characterising elegant and standard Hermite-Gaussian beam modes, Opt. Commun., 191, 173-179
249. Sheppard CJR, Sharma MD (2001) Integrated intensity, and imaging through scattering media, J. Mod. Opt. 48, 1517-1525
250. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (2001) The three-dimensional transfer function and phase space mappings, Optik 112, 189-192
251. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (2001) The Wigner function for highly-convergent three-dimensional wavefields, Opt. Lett. 26, 968-970
252. Sheppard CJR, Larkin KG (2001) Wigner function for non-paraxial wavefields, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2486-2490
253. Sheppard CJR (2001) Bessel pulse beams and focus wave modes, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 2594-2600
254. Matsuda K, O’Byrne JW, Sheppard CJR, Rehman S, Eiju T (2001) Beam collimation in the presence of aberrations, Opt. Commun. 194, 1-9
255. Roy M, Svahn P, Cherel L, Sheppard CJR (2002) Geometric phase-shifting for low coherence interference microscopy, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 37, 631-641
256. Sheppard CJR (2002) Comment on 'TM,TE and 'TEM' beam modes: exact solutions and their problems,' J. Opt. A: Pure and Applied, 4, 217-218
268. Cox G, Sheppard CJR (2004) Practical limits of resolution in confocal and non-linear microscopy, Microscopy Research and Technique, 63, 18-22